The Iran Educational Center Information Bank provides an overview of higher education in Iran. The article discusses the challenges to higher education and outlines a range of expert studies and suggestions for improving the system. The authors conclude that reform must focus on shifting from bureaucratic management to transformational leadership, greater investment in teaching and research, and the development of a culture of international collaboration.
The tradition of university education in Iran dates back to the early centuries of Islam. After the Islamic Revolution, the country closed universities for two years and then reopened them in 1982. At the time, the government established a centralized structure to oversee subjects. The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) governs engineering and technical sciences; the Ministry of Religion and Cultural Affairs oversees literature, humanities, art, and agriculture; and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education controls all medical universities as well as clinical courses.
In addition to traditional schools and universities, Iran has a network of private education centres and non-state universities that provide higher education services. These institutions are regulated under the Law on the Establishment and Administration of Non-State Schools and Education Centers (2006, amended 2008). Teachers or staff found to be in violation of the regulations can receive a written notice and reprimand that is integrated into their file, be denied appointment to management positions for up to 3 years, and be denied employment at schools and education centers permanently.
Higher education in یران آموزشگاه بانک اطلاعات مراکز آموزشی is financed by both public and private sources. Public universities are free to charge for students and their families, while non-government higher education institutions must pay a fee to register and operate. The country also offers scholarships and loans to eligible students. In recent years, the number of scholarships and loans has increased to offset declining state revenues due to the weak economy.
Iran has a strong culture of scholarly exchange and joint research, as evidenced by the presence of numerous international academics in Iranian universities. These academics are typically recruited by the universities and work as visiting scholars in areas such as business, technology, public policy, and law. The scholars are also involved in local and regional scholarly projects.
A growing number of Iran’s youth are seeking a college education in the United States and elsewhere. As of January 2019, the NGO Center for Human Rights in Iran reported that 85 people remained on death row in Iran, including three juveniles sentenced to death for protest-related offenses.
The country has a criminal code that allows for the execution of those who possess, distribute, or manufacture more than 110 pounds of unprocessed opium and about 4.4 to 6.6 pounds of manufactured narcotics, such as heroin and cocaine. In addition, the penalty may be imposed for drug offenses committed by persons with a high level of culpability, those who are members of organized crime groups, or those who engage in drug trafficking in the presence of minors.
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